My view on illegal vending in Harare CBD
By Fungai Chiposi, Mr.
Background
The arrival of Chinese goods and most importantly the opening of the first Chinese shops in Harare CBD around early 2012 worried me. Other than the smell of the goods, it was the new shop and marketing model that was introduced by the Chinese, as well as their oppressive behaviour towards their workforce, that I found repulsive. When the shops spread around the city, there was great consternation within the CBD as well industry with prominent shops going burst as they could not compete against the Chinese imports and trading habits.
The Chinese received favourable import duty on their trinkets. They discarded the traditional method of displaying wares and sold stuff out of baskets lined on the floor. They sold cheaply made rejects from China resulting in stories of 5 dollar 2 kilometre shoes.
This was a high class vendor that has led to the emergence of the current vendor in our CBD.
Harare CBD
The Harare Central Business District is both a seat of government and centre of commerce in Zimbabwe. Most people coming into the country will drop off at the airport and proceed into the city before going to their destination. Foreign dignitaries will reside at such places as the Rainbow Towers and Monomatapa Hotel, deep in the heart of the city. Shoppers come into the city for superior products and possibly better prices. Meanwhile a lot of business are headquartered in the CBD and environs, utilising services hinged around the CBD.
This CBD is not a huge area. It is actually 33km of street within an approximate 15 square kilometres and a possible 3km diameter. In fact, a determined walker can walk the length of the CBD in less than 30 minutes from Kopje Post Office to Fourth Street bus terminus. Harare City itself does not do much better. It is an approximate 960 square kilometres of land.
Vendors in the CBD
Vending in the city started towards end of 2013. The vendors were mainly selling small items like belts and did not position themselves to any location. In fact they were known as HAWKERS. Behind these early pioneers came vegetable vendors. Initially they would sell from carts, stopping in high traffic areas especially early in the evening. End of 2014 saw the arrival of pavement vendors that literally spread their wares on the ground and sold mostly vegetables to the passing public.
Early 2015 saw the arrival of an assortment of vendors selling anything from cellphones to light FMCG items. The tide has since risen to what we have now; vendors on almost every major pavement selling all sorts of goods including second hand clothes donated by Europeans et all for handing over to troubled hotspots in Africa.
It is worth noting here that the City fathers had allocated a few places including Mupedzanhamo Market (about a kilometre from the south western end of the CBD) for selling of these clothes. The market itself proved so famous it extended towards the high density suburb of Mbare, mutating in terms of product range as it expanded almost to the doorstep of Mbare Msika.
Current Vending Product Range in the CBD
The items being sold by vendors on the streets of Harare vary in assortment. It is safe to say, whatever you can buy and carry with you on your person in the shop, is also being sold on the pavement outside that shop. Thus, electrical goods, groceries, toys, vegetables, clothes, etc are all being sold right in the CBD by people standing in front of the shops selling the very same products; albeit of a lower quality at times.
Who are the Vendors?
This is the golden question. Some of the products being sold on the street are products that can only be brought into the country illegally like the second hand clothes. Some of the groceries are being sold at absurd prices begging the question where did they come from? Geisha (a local bathing soap) normally sells for 89 cents in the shop but you can get it for 50 cents on the street. These anomalies make it difficult to answer the question clearly.
Also, it is not any person who can gather a few goods and have the courage to go and stand in front of a shop and sell the very same products in the shop. Indeed, desperation can cause someone to go to such lengths but there are signs that the vendors on the streets of Harare have a political leaning. Even more, there seems to be elements of relatives of ministers, city council officials, intelligence personnel, army and police; all intertwined in the enterprise.
Obviously, there are the ordinary people who have been forced by extremely harsh economic conditions to fend for themselves and craft a livelihood.
City of Harare Bylaws
The bylaws of the city prohibit vending within the city. There are a few spots around the city that have been specified as vendor zones. The bylaws are obviously intended to maintain order and civility in the CBD and greater Harare. The bylaws are also there to protect the public, commercial, and other interests of the people who rely on the city for various activities. These bylaws are enforced by the Municipal Police aided by Zimbabwe Republic Police. This is so mainly because the Municipal Police do not have arresting powers nor do they fine offenders without involving the ZRP.
Economic Climate
Zimbabwe is going through a debilitating economic crisis compounded by a hands-off approach from the country’s political leadership. In real terms, unemployment is around 90% around the country. Most people are dabbling in the informal sector or dealing or some such, which mostly does not register on the country’s tax radar. Even those in employment are going without salaries sometimes including civil servants.
MY VIEW
Pedestrians
Vendors have practically closed off pavements with makeshift stalls making it impossible for me to walk to and from my bus station. Most of the times, I have had to walk on the road, risking my life as there are combis and private cars ferrying the people on the roads. Those two in particular drive without care of pedestrians and/or other vehicles.
Noise Pollution
I am very particular about noise. Anywhere in the city, there are people shouting out prices. To counter the din, shop owners are trying to attract attention as well and have loud radios stuck in their doorways. Add traffic noises and the situation resembles a mini war zone in down town Harare.
Unfair Competition
It is my view that Zimbabweans have never known the true value of the US dollar. With a loaf of bread going for a dollar, I think most products are still overpriced as we continue to subsidise non-performing businesses or over-remunerated CEOs somewhere. It is however a self-evident fact that a shop owner cannot compete against someone standing in the street simply on the basis of overheads. Add staff and other costs and the shop owner will simply not win the argument.
The shop owner has two choices: close his business and join the vendor. This will further compound our unemployment figures and begin the scary process of creating a ghost city. Most of the office workers are already leaving town for leafy suburbs, a situation that has left the CBD with a low end supply of businesses renting office space. In fact Harare CBD is hovering around 50% occupancy rates at the moment.
Trash City
The window to our country, our very own sunshine city is turning into a trash city on our watch. The standard of goods and tenants has already fallen to due to the Chinese assault alluded to earlier. With a shrinking revenue base (vendors are not paying anything to the city council but to dubious space barons) the city council will struggle to maintain the city and provide services. As it is vendors have closed off some roads in the CBD as the law of the jungle takes hold.
Sanitary Hazard
The sanitary infrastructure in the CBD is intended for a mobile population not sedentary as is the situation with the vendors. The strain on toilets is visible for those who care to enter one or two. But even worse, some of the vendors cannot afford the rates for paid toilets. They are using discarded water bottles for urination and some unmentionables. They throw these anywhere in the full view of the public.
There is also the case of litter. Being in one place for a long time generates its own litter. This is very evident in the CBD in the evenings. Some of the bins in the city have been uprooted possibly for storage of wares by some of the vendors.
Drain on Foreign Currency
Most of the products being sold on the streets are illegally imported from neighbouring countries; expending a resource that the country is currently looking for. Zimbabwe has created employment around neighbouring countries to an extent of creating an industry in South Africa. Trucks ferrying Japanese vehicles from Durban to Beitbridge being case in point.
Conclusion
There are many other factors that I have left out above. In conclusion, everywhere else in the world cities where there is vending, proper structures have been put in place including apolitical organisations to self-regulate their activities. The integrity of Harare CBD must be preserved by removing these vendors cluttering the city. Vending must be constrained to specified vending spots and those requiring their products can go there.
Rufaro Stadium sits 35,000 people to watch a match. If that number goes in, the stadium is full. The City of Harare cannot single-handedly solve Zimbabwe’s employment crisis by accommodating two million vendors in the CBD.
Lastly, we cannot allow challenges to shape our development as a nation. We must rise above them and focus on creating sustainable industries for future generations. This bump in the road must and should not leave us without a capital city.